Pre-Eclampsia

Nicole McLean RN Understanding Preeclampsia Drexel University Understanding Preeclampsia Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. â€Å"Preeclampsia complicates 3-5% of all pregnancies and continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality for both mother and infant† (Pettit & Brown, 2012, p. 6). The exact cause of preeclampsia is unknown. It is usually diagnosed after 20 weeks gestation. A diagnosis is made by elevated blood pressures and with or without proteinuria. The treatment of this disorder is geared towards management of symptoms, preventing seizures and controlling hypertension.I chose this topic because I am a labor and delivery nurse and find this to be a popular disorder of pregnancy. This disorder is very common among the nulliparity (first pregnancy) population. â€Å"Although the exact cause of preeclampsia remains unknown, much research effort has been exerted on the study of pathophysiological mechanisms† (Townsend & Drummond, 2011, p. 245). Pettit & Brown (2012) found that the placenta and the re-modeling of the uterine arteries is a factor in preeclamptic disease.Preeclampsia is usually diagnosed on a routine pre-natal visit during blood pressure checks and urine dips. Urine dips show the presence of protein in the urine. According to ACOG (American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists) the criteria for diagnosing preeclampsia is a systolic blood pressure > 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure > 90mmHg that occurs after 20 weeks gestation in a woman with previously normal blood pressure. Also, the presence of proteinuria, which is the urinary excretion of 0. g of protein or higher in a 24 – hour urine specimen (ACOG bulletin 33, 2002, p. 160). The goal of treatment is aimed towards preventing seizures and blood pressure management. â€Å"The long held principle that delivery is the only cure for preeclampsia prevails† (Townsend & Drummond, 2011, p. 299). â€Å"Thus, interventions are curre ntly designed to either deliver the fetus or make sure the mother and fetus are safe to continue the pregnancy while allowing time for fetal lung maturity to occur† (Townsend & Drummond, 2011,p. 299).In my institution, Magnesium sulfate is the gold standard of care for preeclamptic patients. We use this drug to prevent seizures and anti-hypertensives to control blood pressure. Close monitoring of these patients is crucial. Our hospital protocol involves monitoring maternal well being, which includes blood pressure checks hourly, monitoring of liver and kidney function, and obtaining daily weights at the same time each day for evaluation of tissue fluid retention. We also monitor fetal well-being by continuously monitoring the fetal heart rate with an external fetal monitor.It is important to encourage these patients to maintain a nutritious diet with moderate protein intake to compensate for the protein that may be lost in the urine. In conclusion, the most common medical comp lication of pregnancy is hypertension. The main goal is to keep the mother pregnant for as long as possible. Both the mother and baby will be closely monitored, and if the mother is term or if the baby is in distress the doctor may decide to induce labor or perform a cesarean – section.The most important thing is maternal and fetal well being. References American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Committee on Obstetric Practice. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 33: Diagnosis and Management of Preeclampsia and Eclampsia. 99(1): 159 -167, January 2002. Pettit, F. , & Brown, M. A. (2012). The management of pre-eclampsia: What we think we know. European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology, 160(1), 6. doi:10. 1016/j. ejogrb. 2011. 09. 049 Townsend, N. S. , & Drummond, S.B. (2011). Preeclampsia: Pathophysiology and implications for care. The Journal of Perinatal & Neonatal Nursing, 25(3), 245. Intellectual Honesty Certification I certify that this assignment is presented as entirely my own intellectual work. Any words and/or ideas from other sources (e. g. printed publications, Internet sites, electronic media, other individuals, groups, or organizations) have been  properly indicated using the appropriate scholarly citation style required by the department or College.I have not submitted this assignment in its entirety to satisfy the requirements of any other course. Any parts of this assignment from other courses have been discussed thoroughly with the faculty member before this submission so that there is an understanding that I have used some of this work in a prior assignment. Student’s Signature_Nicole McLean Course Submitted_Nursing 324: Online Tools for Success Term Fall 2012 Date   November 25, 2012

Improving Life in the United State Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Improving Life in the United State - Essay Example Some of the activists of health eating are advocating that most people become vegetarians. Research has shown that vegetables have very low or zero cholesterol and to help in better performance of the body metabolism compared to animal food products. Thus, the assumption is most vegetarians’ value and care for the environment. Moreover, to improve life in America, every person must stand out to avoid the life threatening events like unhealthy living and global warming. Corliss compares people reason for eating meat on a daily basis to reason a person can give for smoking cigarette (Web). The consumption of beef in America is on the increase. Consequently, most Americans do not comprehensively understand the enormous side effects of beef consumption. Most Americans may not understand well the term vegetarian because many people in America thinks a vegetarian is a person who consumes vegetables more often as side dish. Although, vegetarianism is health friendly to be a person, the practices of the habits come with complexities and challenges. Therefore, most people may fall back to the old habit because most people are flirty vegetarian. Corliss states that a true vegetarian view beef as â€Å"not just the additives and ailments connected with the consumption of beef, though a dish of hormones, Eichhornia coli bacteria or the scary specter of mad-cow disease† (Web). Thus, this can be enough reason to not bounce back to beef consumption habit. Therefore, an attitude of a person towards food causes some people to overlook the value of the product to their body or the harm of the product cause to their health. To improve the life of the Americans, change of attitude towards vegetables is what the American people need to embrace. Healthy eating lifestyle can be one of the best ways to conquer most lifestyle diseases. Thus, eating local foods

Marketing plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Marketing plan - Assignment Example er and better means of connectivity to consumers and masses around the globe have increasingly provided the seeds of birth to a highly popular virtual world, thanks to the widespread popularity provided by the massive surge of online social networks and various micro blogging sites. The rise of the virtual world is strong and its presence is being actively felt by individuals around the world, as they increasingly try to gather information, work or even relax in their daily lives, irrespective of their physical presence in diverse geographical locations around the world. However, it is of utmost importance to address the fact that the access to the virtual world is only restricted by the process of accessing the World Wide Web from various highly sophisticated and latest technology based digital gadgets like Smart phones and laptops. It is of utmost relevance in this case to state that all these technological gadgets are essentially is dependent on electrical battery, which in turn acknowledges electricity as the primary source of power. Hence charging up of the electrical gadgets is highly important for the purpose of maintaining connectivity with the entire world through the access of World Wide Web (http://travellingtwo.com/resources/keeping-gadgets-charged). However, while talking in terms of charging up of the electrical gadgets, it can be increasingly said that the customers all over the world face various issues while travelling, due to the non compatibility of the charging devices with the electricity outlets. Most of them increasingly resort to the process of carrying separate connectivity devices like universal Adapter and reverse voltage charger. Hence, a new product named ‘EasyConnect’ is being introduced in the market, which will help in the process of charging of technological gadgets in the market. The most unique advantage that is being provided by the new product ‘EasyConnect’ is that it will have the dual and integrated combinations of

Financial managerment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial managerment - Essay Example Overhead Cost driver ?’000 Percentage Overheads cost Ouse Lendal Clifton Ouse Lendal Clifton Set up costs Number of production runs 350,000 30% 20% 50% 105,000 70,000 175,000 Machine related costs Number of machine hours 900,000 23% 18% 59% 211,765 158,823 529,412 Receiving costs Number of receipts 350,000 7% 10% 83% 25,000 35,000 290,000 Packing Number of deliveries 650,000 36% 14% 50% 234,000 91,000 325,000 Engineering Number of production runs 750,000 30% 20% 50% 225,000 150,000 375,000 800,765 504,823 1,694,412 Overheads Cost per Unit: Per unit Overhead cost = Overheads absorbed / Production volume Production volume (units) Overheads absorbed (?) Per Unit Overhead Cost (?) Ouse 9,000 800,765 89 Lendal 3,000 504,823 168 Clifton 1,500 1,694,412 1130 Cost Per Unit and Profit per Unit: Ouse Lendal Clifton Direct Material Cost per Unit (?) 30 40 15 Direct Labour Cost per Unit (?) 40 60 40 Overheads Cost per Unit (?) 89 168 1130 Total Per Unit Cost (?) 159 268 1185 Selling price per unit (?) 300 400 500 Total Direct Labour Cost (?) (159) (268) (1185) Profit per Unit (?) 141 132 (685) TASK 2: Traditional Full Costing: Full costing is defined as a method of costing of products in which all the manufacturing costs are included in the cost of the products being manufactured. The raw materials, direct labour involved in the production of the product and all fixed and variable products become the part of the items produced. Full costing is also termed as absorption costing. Activity Based Costing: Activity Based Costing is a costing method in which the consumption of resources are traced first and then charged to final products. However, the resources are not directly assigned to manufacturing products in this costing... Direct material cost and direct labour cost are allocated to the products in a similar way in both types of costing methods. These cost elements are allocated to the products as per their production volume. Each of these elements is allocated to each unit of the product that is manufactured. However, the overheads are absorbed in both of these products differently. In full costing method, the traditional approach is adopted while allocating costs to the product units. The approach is simple in which the resources are assigned directly to the units produced. A single volume measure is usually selected on the basis of which all overhead costs are allocated to the products. Thus, this allocation may depend upon a volume measure which may not be suitable for the purpose. Consequently, allocation of overheads may not be suitable and may reflect unrealistic cost of the products. In Activity Based Costing methodology, the overhead costs are accumulated and assigned to the activities of the production and non-production departments. The costs of these departments are then allocated to the product units.

Ayurvedic Medicine Used as Alternative Therapy in Modern Medicine Essay

Ayurvedic Medicine Used as Alternative Therapy in Modern Medicine - Essay Example This was traditional medicine to treat fever, cough and diarrhea. People were encouraged to suppress natural urges which was considered as unhealthy by moderating the amount and quantity of food intake, sleep and sexual intercourses to ensure healthy body at all times. Gregory (2004) states that alternative medicine refers to treatment of diseases using methods such as massage therapy or herbal use. This practice is being highly appreciated by learning institutions who teach about it. Importance Frawley and Ranade (2001) states that herbal method as one of the alternative method has been well embraced by many communities in the world hence rendering the use of Ayurvedic medicine easy and of great importance. People consider this method efficient since it is less costly and also has few side effects. This method also have seem to treat a variety of diseases which lead people to prefer using it since he will only require one drug to heal so many diseases. This alternative is readily av ailable since most of these herbs are found free of charge in the forests and other bushy areas within the society. This method has been considered to be less demanding because it does not require highly qualified personnel to administer the medicine. This method is also effective since it is not selective with the age bracket hence can be used by all people within the community. Unlike the artificial drugs these medicines do not lead to very adverse side effects. It does not have the time limits hence one can use it as long as he wants. This therapeutic method is easily acceptable to be used by people because it is mostly orally administered which is the most preferred method. This method can not react while using other methods hence gives it another advantage of it to be considered above the other method. This method is reliable since one can get it from various places. Frawley and Ranade (2001) argues that this method is used even by the illiterate people in the society since the instructions given are clear and simple to be understood hence very low cases of overdosing. Since this method is given by people who are locals in the community the patients respect the instructions given no deviations since there is sense of belonging. At times there is reinforcement of this method by the religious people and other important people in the society hence the patients look forward to embrace this method to the fullest. Lad (2012) says that Ayurvedic medicine does not demand one to go to hospital for the treatment he can get the treatment while at home. Diagnosis According to Lad (2012) the patient who was recommended for use of this drug was to be carefully examined and undergo through various diagnosis procedures using all body senses by the health profession administering the drug; since each component of the body had the ability to influence others either negatively or positively. This aspect was to be carefully considered during the drug diagnosis and therapy. V arious things were to be checked such as the body composition, any disorder, body stability and all other body systemic functions. The systemic composition and functioning was checked so that to prevent any adverse side effect that would arise while on medication. The body was to be considered compatible to the drug for one to be in a position to use the drug. There were various criteria that were

Compare and contrast an RFP with an RFQ. Briefly discuss under what Essay

Compare and contrast an RFP with an RFQ. Briefly discuss under what circumstances would you use each in an IT project - Essay Example A request for quotation is suitable for obtaining or sourcing supplies that are standardized as well as produced in a repetitive quality and quantities. It is used when the buyer has a list of pre-determined suppliers who have the technical specifications and commercial requirements for a product or service (Kappauf, Lauterbach & Koch, 2011). A request for proposal (RFP) is also a procurement document that a purchasing organization uses when it has a procurement problem, but it does not know how it wants to solve the problem. It is the most formal of a request in a procurement process and has strict rules for timeline, content, and vendor responses. Request for proposal focuses on more than just the cost or pricing of the project or supplies. The purchasing organization tends to seek more information about the manner in which the supplier or contractor will perform the contract. Apart from the cost of the project, the procurement department also seeks more concepts such as the ability of the supplier to meet the required quality as well as the technology a supplier uses. The buyer appraises a supplier or contractor’s ability and capability to perform the project on the basis of quality, financial capacity, technology level, and competence. The procurement department uses all these factors to select the best suppli er or contractor for the contract. A request for proposal tends to notify suppliers of the buyer’s intention to purchase certain goods or services. The buyer gets a formal submission from the selected suppliers to facilitate comparison of the proposals. A request for proposal tends to show that a buyer has a formal as well as a fair procurement process without favoring a certain preferred supplier (Stewart & Stewart,

Political Transitions in East and South East Asia Essay - 1

Political Transitions in East and South East Asia - Essay Example It is considered undemocratic in the event that people are respected and dignified selectively and with discriminatory perspectives. This concept of democracy illustrates that on some occasions the welfare of one or just a couple of people can be subordinated by the interests of the majority in order to achieve a common good. It is important to note that democracy does not it whatever circumstances promote equality of condition like in communism. Equality of condition comes with favoritism and categorization into groups of similar characteristics. On the other hand, democracy promotes equality of opportunity. According to equality of opportunity, everyone has then freedom to develop his or her talent to totality or as much as he or she cares to. Democracy is founded on the principle that the majority is more often right that wrong. When it comes to politics, democracy dictates that the majority is better positioned to make sane political decisions as compared to the minority or a single individual. One ought to note that sometimes democracy is seen as a trial and error process in which some decisions may not be absolute best but eventually become satisfactory because of its support from then majority faction. Despite the fact that democracy seems to dwell so much on the majority, it is noteworthy that it does not overlook the minority entirely. On the other hand, democracy gives some respect to the minority. This is done by giving then minority a chance to join the majority faction through legal means. Additionally, democracy also ensures that then minority in a society is given equal chance as the majority to voice its views. Compromising can be defined as the process of adjusting, reconciling and blending competing views with the aim of finding common ground that is most acceptable to the largest number of stakeholders involved. Democracy demands for the